ABSTRACT
Oral/dental surgical care in patients with chronic medical comorbidities, such as isovaleric acidemia (IVA), can be challenging. In addition to technical complications, different comorbidities also present a complex range of concerning factors/challenges, which can increase the incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. IVA, a congenital error of metabolism, is a rare organic acidemia with a predisposition towards acute acidosis and life-threatening metabolic decompensation during stressful conditions, such as prolonged fasting and surgery. In addition, schizophrenia, a major neurological disorder, can result in manifestation of severe dental or periodontal conditions, including pericoronitis. The condition is associated with significant risk factors of postoperative complications, such as dangerous behaviors and adverse interactions between antipsychotic drugs and anesthetic agents. A case of comorbid dental disease with two coexisting chronic and life-threatening medical conditions, one of which is rare, is an unusual encounter in oral/dental surgery that is seldomly published. Moreover, implementing a safe and effective surgical intervention in such patients requires several informed considerations. However, only a few reported experiences or guidelines exist, reporting appropriate perioperative management strategies to minimize risks. Hence, in this case report, our experience of managing one of these rare encounters of a 20-year-old man who suffered from bilaterally partially erupted third molars, associated with chronic pericoronitis and dental caries of both the maxilla wisdom teeth with coexisting IVA and schizophrenia comorbidities is described. Additionally, the presentation and anticipated complications of the comorbid disorders of the patient are briefly reviewed. In this case, the pericoronitis and dental caries were treated by surgically removing the impacted third molars and the antagonist maxilla wisdom teeth under regional anesthesia and application of antibiotics for 3 days. The patient recovered without any postoperative complications after 1 year of follow-up.
ABSTRACT
How patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorders are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear, and no comprehensive studies have yet been performed. To elucidate (1) which psychiatric disorders were exacerbated during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the contributing factors, we prospectively assessed psychiatric symptoms of 1592 psychiatric outpatients in a single-center study using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) before the state of emergency was declared in Japan and during two months under the state of emergency (study period: April 8 to June 7, 2020). We conducted a chi-squared test for the relationship between psychiatric diagnostic category (ICD-10) and exacerbation. To control for confounders, we conducted a logistic regression analysis using sex, age, diagnostic category, and pre-pandemic GAF score as independent variables. Exacerbation rates of patients with mood disorders (F3) and neurotic disorders (F4) were 4.32% and 5.37%, respectively, and were significantly higher than those for patients with organic disorders (F0) and schizophrenic disorders (F2) (X2 (9, N = 1592) = 27.8, p < .01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with F3 and female patients were significantly more affected than patients with other disorders or male patients, respectively (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.4 (1.2-4.6), p < .01 for F3; 3.1 (1.5-6.6), p < .01 for females). These findings suggest a need for careful management of patients with mood disorders and female psychiatric patients during a pandemic.